DNA full form stands for Deoxyribolunic Acid which provides the genetic information about the living organisms. Students who have completed their 12th are generally looking for the best courses after 12th Science. Some of the courses after the 12th are the B.Sc in Zoology/ Botany/ Biology/ Psychology, B.Sc in Anatomy/ Biochemistry/ Microbiology and many more which will lead you to get a higher income after completing your degree in those courses. READ THIS BLOG! To know about DNA in a detailed form.
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DNA Full Form
DNA full form is fully described as Deoxyribolunic Acid. The genetic information of living things is included in their genetic material. DNA’s building block is a double-stranded molecule made of nucleotides. Moreover, the nucleotides are made up of deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of the four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and also guanine (G). Hence, the configuration of these bases determines an organism’s genetic makeup. It is passed down from parents to offspring and is necessary for the development and function of all living things.
Types of DNA
Due to differences in the relative orientation of the nucleotide bases and the sugar-phosphate backbone, three different types of DNA—A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA—can adopt distinctive three-dimensional shapes.
1. A-DNA:
Right-handed A-shaped DNA is generated when the DNA is attached to particular proteins or while it is crystallising, which is typically observed under conditions of dehydration. A-DNA has a thinner helix and is more densely packed than B-DNA. For DNA integrity and protection against damage, A-DNA is essential.
2. B-DNA:
B-DNA is the type of DNA that is most common in living organisms. Hence, the double helix shape of this typical right-handed DNA structure comprises a large major groove and also a narrow minor groove. Moreover, the replication and transcription of DNA are made easier by this DNA.
3. Z-DNA:
Z-DNA is a less common form of left-handed DNA. Hence, it can be identified by the zigzag pattern of the sugar-phosphate backbone, which makes the major groove wider and the minor groove narrower. According to reports, Z-DNA plays a role in controlling gene expression and gene regulation. Moreover, the presence of alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences favours this DNA.
Structure of DNA
The structure of DNA is a combination of 3 major elements that are Phosphate, Nitrogenous Bases and lastly Deoxyribose Sugar.
1. Phosphate:
The phosphate group is composed of a phosphate molecule and also one oxygen atom. The core of the molecule is created when the phosphate groups in DNA connect to the deoxyribose sugars in the backbone. The negative charge on the phosphate groups makes the DNA molecule more generally stable.
2. Nitrogenous Bases:
In DNA, nitrogenous bases serve as the structural building blocks that house the genetic information. The four distinct nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and also thymine (T). Moreover, pairs of nitrogenous bases that are located in the centre of the DNA molecule make up the steps of the DNA ladder. Hence, the precise arrangement of these nitrogenous bases, known as the genetic code, gives the instructions for constructing and running the organisms.
- Adenine (A): Adenine is a purine base that forms hydrogen bonds with thymine (T). One of the two types of base pairs in DNA, the other being guanine (G) and cytosine (C), is formed through this base pairing.
- Cytosine (C) is a pyrimidine base that forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine (G) to form a pair. One of the two pyrimidine bases found in DNA, along with thymine (T), is guanine.
- Guanine (G) is a purine base that forms three hydrogen bonds with cytosine (C) to form a pair. Adenine (A) and thymine (T), the other type of base pair in DNA, also results in this base pairing.
- Thymine (T) is a pyrimidine base that forms two hydrogen bonds with adenine (A) to form a pair.
The double-helix structure of DNA, in which the two strands of DNA run in opposing directions and are kept together by hydrogen bonds between the complementary nitrogenous bases, is also built on these base pairs.
3. Deoxyribose Sugar:
A nitrogen-containing base, a sugar group, and also a hydroxyl group make up this five-carbon sugar molecule. Moreover, Deoxyribose sugars are linked to phosphate groups to create the sides of the DNA backbone. Therefore, the stability and support needed to maintain the nitrogenous bases in place are provided by the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA molecule.
Importance of DNA
- Building blocks based on nitrogen make up DNA. The genetic information is passed down from one generation to the next (from one cell to its daughters) and is stored in the DNA.
- Every person has a distinct DNA sequence that does not match that of any other individual. In order to identify a person, DNA fingerprinting techniques employ this property of DNA.
- Enzymes, hormones, and also specific RNAs are used by DNA to influence cellular metabolism.
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FAQs
Provide the full form of DNA and RNA.
DNA full form is Deoxyribolunic Acid and RNA full form is Ribo nucleic acid.
Name the types of the DNA.
DNA are of 3 types that are:-
1. A-DNA
2. B-DNA
3. Z-DNA
By whom DNA was discovered?
DNA was discovered by François Gros.
